view mercurial/pycompat.py @ 45892:06b64fabf91c

copies: cache the ancestor checking call when tracing copy A good share of the time spent in this function is spent doing ancestors checking. To avoid spending time in duplicated call, we cache the result of calls. In the slower case, this provide a quite significant performance boost. Below are the result for a set of selected pairs (many of them pathological): (And further down is another table that summarize the current state of filelog based vs changeset base copy tracing) The benchmark have been configured to be killed after 6 minutes of runtime, which mean that any detect slower than 2 minutes will be marked as "killed". This drop some useful information about how much slower these case are? but also prevent 99% of the benchmark time to be spent on case that can be labelled "very slow" anyway. Repo Case Source-Rev Dest-Rev Old-Time New-Time Difference Factor ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mercurial x_revs_x_added_0_copies ad6b123de1c7 39cfcef4f463 : 0.000044 s, 0.000044 s, +0.000000 s, ? 1.0000 mercurial x_revs_x_added_x_copies 2b1c78674230 0c1d10351869 : 0.000138 s, 0.000138 s, +0.000000 s, ? 1.0000 mercurial x000_revs_x000_added_x_copies 81f8ff2a9bf2 dd3267698d84 : 0.005067 s, 0.005052 s, -0.000015 s, ? 0.9970 pypy x_revs_x_added_0_copies aed021ee8ae8 099ed31b181b : 0.000218 s, 0.000219 s, +0.000001 s, ? 1.0046 pypy x_revs_x000_added_0_copies 4aa4e1f8e19a 359343b9ac0e : 0.000053 s, 0.000055 s, +0.000002 s, ? 1.0377 pypy x_revs_x_added_x_copies ac52eb7bbbb0 72e022663155 : 0.000125 s, 0.000128 s, +0.000003 s, ? 1.0240 pypy x_revs_x00_added_x_copies c3b14617fbd7 ace7255d9a26 : 0.001098 s, 0.001089 s, -0.000009 s, ? 0.9918 pypy x_revs_x000_added_x000_copies df6f7a526b60 a83dc6a2d56f : 0.017546 s, 0.017407 s, -0.000139 s, ? 0.9921 pypy x000_revs_xx00_added_0_copies 89a76aede314 2f22446ff07e : 0.096723 s, 0.094175 s, -0.002548 s, ? 0.9737 pypy x000_revs_x000_added_x_copies 8a3b5bfd266e 2c68e87c3efe : 0.271796 s, 0.238009 s, -0.033787 s, ? 0.8757 pypy x000_revs_x000_added_x000_copies 89a76aede314 7b3dda341c84 : 0.128602 s, 0.125876 s, -0.002726 s, ? 0.9788 pypy x0000_revs_x_added_0_copies d1defd0dc478 c9cb1334cc78 : 7.086742 s, 3.581556 s, -3.505186 s, ? 0.5054 pypy x0000_revs_xx000_added_0_copies bf2c629d0071 4ffed77c095c : 0.016634 s, 0.016721 s, +0.000087 s, ? 1.0052 pypy x0000_revs_xx000_added_x000_copies 08ea3258278e d9fa043f30c0 : 0.254225 s, 0.242367 s, -0.011858 s, ? 0.9534 netbeans x_revs_x_added_0_copies fb0955ffcbcd a01e9239f9e7 : 0.000166 s, 0.000165 s, -0.000001 s, ? 0.9940 netbeans x_revs_x000_added_0_copies 6f360122949f 20eb231cc7d0 : 0.000118 s, 0.000114 s, -0.000004 s, ? 0.9661 netbeans x_revs_x_added_x_copies 1ada3faf6fb6 5a39d12eecf4 : 0.000296 s, 0.000296 s, +0.000000 s, ? 1.0000 netbeans x_revs_x00_added_x_copies 35be93ba1e2c 9eec5e90c05f : 0.001137 s, 0.001124 s, -0.000013 s, ? 0.9886 netbeans x000_revs_xx00_added_0_copies eac3045b4fdd 51d4ae7f1290 : 0.014133 s, 0.013060 s, -0.001073 s, ? 0.9241 netbeans x000_revs_x000_added_x_copies e2063d266acd 6081d72689dc : 0.016988 s, 0.017112 s, +0.000124 s, ? 1.0073 netbeans x000_revs_x000_added_x000_copies ff453e9fee32 411350406ec2 : 0.676361 s, 0.660350 s, -0.016011 s, ? 0.9763 netbeans x0000_revs_xx000_added_x000_copies 588c2d1ced70 1aad62e59ddd : 12.515149 s, 10.032499 s, -2.482650 s, ? 0.8016 mozilla-central x_revs_x_added_0_copies 3697f962bb7b 7015fcdd43a2 : 0.000186 s, 0.000189 s, +0.000003 s, ? 1.0161 mozilla-central x_revs_x000_added_0_copies dd390860c6c9 40d0c5bed75d : 0.000459 s, 0.000462 s, +0.000003 s, ? 1.0065 mozilla-central x_revs_x_added_x_copies 8d198483ae3b 14207ffc2b2f : 0.000273 s, 0.000270 s, -0.000003 s, ? 0.9890 mozilla-central x_revs_x00_added_x_copies 98cbc58cc6bc 446a150332c3 : 0.001503 s, 0.001474 s, -0.000029 s, ? 0.9807 mozilla-central x_revs_x000_added_x000_copies 3c684b4b8f68 0a5e72d1b479 : 0.004862 s, 0.004806 s, -0.000056 s, ? 0.9885 mozilla-central x_revs_x0000_added_x0000_copies effb563bb7e5 c07a39dc4e80 : 0.088291 s, 0.085150 s, -0.003141 s, ? 0.9644 mozilla-central x000_revs_xx00_added_0_copies 6100d773079a 04a55431795e : 0.007113 s, 0.007064 s, -0.000049 s, ? 0.9931 mozilla-central x000_revs_x000_added_x_copies 9f17a6fc04f9 2d37b966abed : 0.004687 s, 0.004741 s, +0.000054 s, ? 1.0115 mozilla-central x000_revs_x000_added_x000_copies 7c97034feb78 4407bd0c6330 : 0.198710 s, 0.190133 s, -0.008577 s, ? 0.9568 mozilla-central x0000_revs_xx000_added_0_copies 9eec5917337d 67118cc6dcad : 0.036068 s, 0.035651 s, -0.000417 s, ? 0.9884 mozilla-central x0000_revs_xx000_added_x000_copies f78c615a656c 96a38b690156 : 0.465362 s, 0.440694 s, -0.024668 s, ? 0.9470 mozilla-central x00000_revs_x0000_added_x0000_copies 6832ae71433c 4c222a1d9a00 : 24.519684 s, 18.454163 s, -6.065521 s, ? 0.7526 mozilla-central x00000_revs_x00000_added_x000_copies 76caed42cf7c 1daa622bbe42 : 42.711897 s, 31.562719 s, -11.149178 s, ? 0.7390 mozilla-try x_revs_x_added_0_copies aaf6dde0deb8 9790f499805a : 0.001201 s, 0.001189 s, -0.000012 s, ? 0.9900 mozilla-try x_revs_x000_added_0_copies d8d0222927b4 5bb8ce8c7450 : 0.001216 s, 0.001204 s, -0.000012 s, ? 0.9901 mozilla-try x_revs_x_added_x_copies 092fcca11bdb 936255a0384a : 0.000595 s, 0.000586 s, -0.000009 s, ? 0.9849 mozilla-try x_revs_x00_added_x_copies b53d2fadbdb5 017afae788ec : 0.001856 s, 0.001845 s, -0.000011 s, ? 0.9941 mozilla-try x_revs_x000_added_x000_copies 20408ad61ce5 6f0ee96e21ad : 0.064936 s, 0.063822 s, -0.001114 s, ? 0.9828 mozilla-try x_revs_x0000_added_x0000_copies effb563bb7e5 c07a39dc4e80 : 0.090601 s, 0.088038 s, -0.002563 s, ? 0.9717 mozilla-try x000_revs_xx00_added_0_copies 6100d773079a 04a55431795e : 0.007510 s, 0.007389 s, -0.000121 s, ? 0.9839 mozilla-try x000_revs_x000_added_x_copies 9f17a6fc04f9 2d37b966abed : 0.004911 s, 0.004868 s, -0.000043 s, ? 0.9912 mozilla-try x000_revs_x000_added_x000_copies 1346fd0130e4 4c65cbdabc1f : 0.233231 s, 0.222450 s, -0.010781 s, ? 0.9538 mozilla-try x0000_revs_x_added_0_copies 63519bfd42ee a36a2a865d92 : 0.419989 s, 0.370675 s, -0.049314 s, ? 0.8826 mozilla-try x0000_revs_x_added_x_copies 9fe69ff0762d bcabf2a78927 : 0.401521 s, 0.358020 s, -0.043501 s, ? 0.8917 mozilla-try x0000_revs_xx000_added_x_copies 156f6e2674f2 4d0f2c178e66 : 0.179555 s, 0.145235 s, -0.034320 s, ? 0.8089 mozilla-try x0000_revs_xx000_added_0_copies 9eec5917337d 67118cc6dcad : 0.038004 s, 0.037606 s, -0.000398 s, ? 0.9895 mozilla-try x0000_revs_xx000_added_x000_copies 89294cd501d9 7ccb2fc7ccb5 : 52.838482 s, 7.382439 s, -45.456043 s, ? 0.1397 mozilla-try x0000_revs_x0000_added_x0000_copies e928c65095ed e951f4ad123a : 8.705874 s, 7.273506 s, -1.432368 s, ? 0.8355 mozilla-try x00000_revs_x00000_added_0_copies dc8a3ca7010e d16fde900c9c : 1.126708 s, 1.074593 s, -0.052115 s, ? 0.9537 mozilla-try x00000_revs_x0000_added_x0000_copies 8d3fafa80d4b eb884023b810 : 83.854020 s, 27.746195 s, -56.107825 s, ? 0.3309 Below is a table comparing the runtime of the current "filelog centric" algorithm, with the "changeset centric" one, we just modified. The changeset centric algorithm is a significant win in many scenario, but they are still various cases where it is quite slower. When many revision has to be considered the cost of retrieving the copy information, creating new dictionaries, merging dictionaries and checking if revision are ancestors of each other can slow things down. The rest of this series, will introduce a rust version of the copy tracing code to deal with most of theses issues. Repo Case Source-Rev Dest-Rev filelog sidedata Difference Factor --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mercurial x_revs_x_added_0_copies ad6b123de1c7 39cfcef4f463 : 0.000914 s, 0.000044 s, - 0.000870 s, ? 0.048140 mercurial x_revs_x_added_x_copies 2b1c78674230 0c1d10351869 : 0.001812 s, 0.000138 s, - 0.001674 s, ? 0.076159 mercurial x000_revs_x000_added_x_copies 81f8ff2a9bf2 dd3267698d84 : 0.017954 s, 0.005052 s, - 0.012902 s, ? 0.281386 pypy x_revs_x_added_0_copies aed021ee8ae8 099ed31b181b : 0.001509 s, 0.000219 s, - 0.001290 s, ? 0.145129 pypy x_revs_x000_added_0_copies 4aa4e1f8e19a 359343b9ac0e : 0.206881 s, 0.000055 s, - 0.206826 s, ? 0.000266 pypy x_revs_x_added_x_copies ac52eb7bbbb0 72e022663155 : 0.016951 s, 0.000128 s, - 0.016823 s, ? 0.007551 pypy x_revs_x00_added_x_copies c3b14617fbd7 ace7255d9a26 : 0.019096 s, 0.001089 s, - 0.018007 s, ? 0.057028 pypy x_revs_x000_added_x000_copies df6f7a526b60 a83dc6a2d56f : 0.762506 s, 0.017407 s, - 0.745099 s, ? 0.022829 pypy x000_revs_xx00_added_0_copies 89a76aede314 2f22446ff07e : 1.179211 s, 0.094175 s, - 1.085036 s, ? 0.079863 pypy x000_revs_x000_added_x_copies 8a3b5bfd266e 2c68e87c3efe : 1.249058 s, 0.238009 s, - 1.011049 s, ? 0.190551 pypy x000_revs_x000_added_x000_copies 89a76aede314 7b3dda341c84 : 1.614107 s, 0.125876 s, - 1.488231 s, ? 0.077985 pypy x0000_revs_x_added_0_copies d1defd0dc478 c9cb1334cc78 : 0.001064 s, 3.581556 s, + 3.580492 s, ? 3366.124060 pypy x0000_revs_xx000_added_0_copies bf2c629d0071 4ffed77c095c : 1.061275 s, 0.016721 s, - 1.044554 s, ? 0.015756 pypy x0000_revs_xx000_added_x000_copies 08ea3258278e d9fa043f30c0 : 1.341119 s, 0.242367 s, - 1.098752 s, ? 0.180720 netbeans x_revs_x_added_0_copies fb0955ffcbcd a01e9239f9e7 : 0.027803 s, 0.000165 s, - 0.027638 s, ? 0.005935 netbeans x_revs_x000_added_0_copies 6f360122949f 20eb231cc7d0 : 0.130014 s, 0.000114 s, - 0.129900 s, ? 0.000877 netbeans x_revs_x_added_x_copies 1ada3faf6fb6 5a39d12eecf4 : 0.024990 s, 0.000296 s, - 0.024694 s, ? 0.011845 netbeans x_revs_x00_added_x_copies 35be93ba1e2c 9eec5e90c05f : 0.052201 s, 0.001124 s, - 0.051077 s, ? 0.021532 netbeans x000_revs_xx00_added_0_copies eac3045b4fdd 51d4ae7f1290 : 0.037642 s, 0.013060 s, - 0.024582 s, ? 0.346953 netbeans x000_revs_x000_added_x_copies e2063d266acd 6081d72689dc : 0.197086 s, 0.017112 s, - 0.179974 s, ? 0.086825 netbeans x000_revs_x000_added_x000_copies ff453e9fee32 411350406ec2 : 0.935148 s, 0.660350 s, - 0.274798 s, ? 0.706145 netbeans x0000_revs_xx000_added_x000_copies 588c2d1ced70 1aad62e59ddd : 3.920674 s, 10.032499 s, + 6.111825 s, ? 2.558871 mozilla-central x_revs_x_added_0_copies 3697f962bb7b 7015fcdd43a2 : 0.024232 s, 0.000189 s, - 0.024043 s, ? 0.007800 mozilla-central x_revs_x000_added_0_copies dd390860c6c9 40d0c5bed75d : 0.141483 s, 0.000462 s, - 0.141021 s, ? 0.003265 mozilla-central x_revs_x_added_x_copies 8d198483ae3b 14207ffc2b2f : 0.025775 s, 0.000270 s, - 0.025505 s, ? 0.010475 mozilla-central x_revs_x00_added_x_copies 98cbc58cc6bc 446a150332c3 : 0.084922 s, 0.001474 s, - 0.083448 s, ? 0.017357 mozilla-central x_revs_x000_added_x000_copies 3c684b4b8f68 0a5e72d1b479 : 0.194784 s, 0.004806 s, - 0.189978 s, ? 0.024673 mozilla-central x_revs_x0000_added_x0000_copies effb563bb7e5 c07a39dc4e80 : 2.161103 s, 0.085150 s, - 2.075953 s, ? 0.039401 mozilla-central x000_revs_xx00_added_0_copies 6100d773079a 04a55431795e : 0.089347 s, 0.007064 s, - 0.082283 s, ? 0.079063 mozilla-central x000_revs_x000_added_x_copies 9f17a6fc04f9 2d37b966abed : 0.732171 s, 0.004741 s, - 0.727430 s, ? 0.006475 mozilla-central x000_revs_x000_added_x000_copies 7c97034feb78 4407bd0c6330 : 1.157287 s, 0.190133 s, - 0.967154 s, ? 0.164292 mozilla-central x0000_revs_xx000_added_0_copies 9eec5917337d 67118cc6dcad : 6.726568 s, 0.035651 s, - 6.690917 s, ? 0.005300 mozilla-central x0000_revs_xx000_added_x000_copies f78c615a656c 96a38b690156 : 3.266229 s, 0.440694 s, - 2.825535 s, ? 0.134924 mozilla-central x00000_revs_x0000_added_x0000_copies 6832ae71433c 4c222a1d9a00 : 15.860534 s, 18.454163 s, + 2.593629 s, ? 1.163527 mozilla-central x00000_revs_x00000_added_x000_copies 76caed42cf7c 1daa622bbe42 : 20.450475 s, 31.562719 s, +11.112244 s, ? 1.543373 mozilla-try x_revs_x_added_0_copies aaf6dde0deb8 9790f499805a : 0.080442 s, 0.001189 s, - 0.079253 s, ? 0.014781 mozilla-try x_revs_x000_added_0_copies d8d0222927b4 5bb8ce8c7450 : 0.497672 s, 0.001204 s, - 0.496468 s, ? 0.002419 mozilla-try x_revs_x_added_x_copies 092fcca11bdb 936255a0384a : 0.021183 s, 0.000586 s, - 0.020597 s, ? 0.027664 mozilla-try x_revs_x00_added_x_copies b53d2fadbdb5 017afae788ec : 0.230991 s, 0.001845 s, - 0.229146 s, ? 0.007987 mozilla-try x_revs_x000_added_x000_copies 20408ad61ce5 6f0ee96e21ad : 1.118461 s, 0.063822 s, - 1.054639 s, ? 0.057062 mozilla-try x_revs_x0000_added_x0000_copies effb563bb7e5 c07a39dc4e80 : 2.206083 s, 0.088038 s, - 2.118045 s, ? 0.039907 mozilla-try x000_revs_xx00_added_0_copies 6100d773079a 04a55431795e : 0.089404 s, 0.007389 s, - 0.082015 s, ? 0.082647 mozilla-try x000_revs_x000_added_x_copies 9f17a6fc04f9 2d37b966abed : 0.733043 s, 0.004868 s, - 0.728175 s, ? 0.006641 mozilla-try x000_revs_x000_added_x000_copies 1346fd0130e4 4c65cbdabc1f : 1.163367 s, 0.222450 s, - 0.940917 s, ? 0.191212 mozilla-try x0000_revs_x_added_0_copies 63519bfd42ee a36a2a865d92 : 0.085456 s, 0.370675 s, + 0.285219 s, ? 4.337612 mozilla-try x0000_revs_x_added_x_copies 9fe69ff0762d bcabf2a78927 : 0.083601 s, 0.358020 s, + 0.274419 s, ? 4.282485 mozilla-try x0000_revs_xx000_added_x_copies 156f6e2674f2 4d0f2c178e66 : 7.366614 s, 0.145235 s, - 7.221379 s, ? 0.019715 mozilla-try x0000_revs_xx000_added_0_copies 9eec5917337d 67118cc6dcad : 6.664464 s, 0.037606 s, - 6.626858 s, ? 0.005643 mozilla-try x0000_revs_xx000_added_x000_copies 89294cd501d9 7ccb2fc7ccb5 : 7.467836 s, 7.382439 s, - 0.085397 s, ? 0.988565 mozilla-try x0000_revs_x0000_added_x0000_copies e928c65095ed e951f4ad123a : 9.801294 s, 7.273506 s, - 2.527788 s, ? 0.742097 mozilla-try x00000_revs_x_added_0_copies 6a320851d377 1ebb79acd503 : 0.091886 s, killed mozilla-try x00000_revs_x00000_added_0_copies dc8a3ca7010e d16fde900c9c : 26.491140 s, 1.074593 s, -25.416547 s, ? 0.040564 mozilla-try x00000_revs_x_added_x_copies 5173c4b6f97c 95d83ee7242d : 0.092863 s, killed mozilla-try x00000_revs_x000_added_x_copies 9126823d0e9c ca82787bb23c : 0.226823 s, killed mozilla-try x00000_revs_x0000_added_x0000_copies 8d3fafa80d4b eb884023b810 : 18.914630 s, 27.746195 s, + 8.831565 s, ? 1.466917 mozilla-try x00000_revs_x00000_added_x0000_copies 1b661134e2ca 1ae03d022d6d : 21.198903 s, killed mozilla-try x00000_revs_x00000_added_x000_copies 9b2a99adc05e 8e29777b48e6 : 24.952268 s, killed Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D9296
author Pierre-Yves David <pierre-yves.david@octobus.net>
date Mon, 02 Nov 2020 11:03:56 +0100
parents d4c4391aa7f2
children e3d595b7fbaa
line wrap: on
line source

# pycompat.py - portability shim for python 3
#
# This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
# GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.

"""Mercurial portability shim for python 3.

This contains aliases to hide python version-specific details from the core.
"""

from __future__ import absolute_import

import getopt
import inspect
import json
import os
import shlex
import sys
import tempfile

ispy3 = sys.version_info[0] >= 3
ispypy = '__pypy__' in sys.builtin_module_names
TYPE_CHECKING = False

if not globals():  # hide this from non-pytype users
    import typing

    TYPE_CHECKING = typing.TYPE_CHECKING

if not ispy3:
    import cookielib
    import cPickle as pickle
    import httplib
    import Queue as queue
    import SocketServer as socketserver
    import xmlrpclib

    from .thirdparty.concurrent import futures

    def future_set_exception_info(f, exc_info):
        f.set_exception_info(*exc_info)


else:
    import concurrent.futures as futures
    import http.cookiejar as cookielib
    import http.client as httplib
    import pickle
    import queue as queue
    import socketserver
    import xmlrpc.client as xmlrpclib

    def future_set_exception_info(f, exc_info):
        f.set_exception(exc_info[0])


def identity(a):
    return a


def _rapply(f, xs):
    if xs is None:
        # assume None means non-value of optional data
        return xs
    if isinstance(xs, (list, set, tuple)):
        return type(xs)(_rapply(f, x) for x in xs)
    if isinstance(xs, dict):
        return type(xs)((_rapply(f, k), _rapply(f, v)) for k, v in xs.items())
    return f(xs)


def rapply(f, xs):
    """Apply function recursively to every item preserving the data structure

    >>> def f(x):
    ...     return 'f(%s)' % x
    >>> rapply(f, None) is None
    True
    >>> rapply(f, 'a')
    'f(a)'
    >>> rapply(f, {'a'}) == {'f(a)'}
    True
    >>> rapply(f, ['a', 'b', None, {'c': 'd'}, []])
    ['f(a)', 'f(b)', None, {'f(c)': 'f(d)'}, []]

    >>> xs = [object()]
    >>> rapply(identity, xs) is xs
    True
    """
    if f is identity:
        # fast path mainly for py2
        return xs
    return _rapply(f, xs)


if ispy3:
    import builtins
    import codecs
    import functools
    import io
    import struct

    if os.name == r'nt' and sys.version_info >= (3, 6):
        # MBCS (or ANSI) filesystem encoding must be used as before.
        # Otherwise non-ASCII filenames in existing repositories would be
        # corrupted.
        # This must be set once prior to any fsencode/fsdecode calls.
        sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding()  # pytype: disable=module-attr

    fsencode = os.fsencode
    fsdecode = os.fsdecode
    oscurdir = os.curdir.encode('ascii')
    oslinesep = os.linesep.encode('ascii')
    osname = os.name.encode('ascii')
    ospathsep = os.pathsep.encode('ascii')
    ospardir = os.pardir.encode('ascii')
    ossep = os.sep.encode('ascii')
    osaltsep = os.altsep
    if osaltsep:
        osaltsep = osaltsep.encode('ascii')
    osdevnull = os.devnull.encode('ascii')

    sysplatform = sys.platform.encode('ascii')
    sysexecutable = sys.executable
    if sysexecutable:
        sysexecutable = os.fsencode(sysexecutable)
    bytesio = io.BytesIO
    # TODO deprecate stringio name, as it is a lie on Python 3.
    stringio = bytesio

    def maplist(*args):
        return list(map(*args))

    def rangelist(*args):
        return list(range(*args))

    def ziplist(*args):
        return list(zip(*args))

    rawinput = input
    getargspec = inspect.getfullargspec

    long = int

    if getattr(sys, 'argv', None) is not None:
        # On POSIX, the char** argv array is converted to Python str using
        # Py_DecodeLocale(). The inverse of this is Py_EncodeLocale(), which
        # isn't directly callable from Python code. In practice, os.fsencode()
        # can be used instead (this is recommended by Python's documentation
        # for sys.argv).
        #
        # On Windows, the wchar_t **argv is passed into the interpreter as-is.
        # Like POSIX, we need to emulate what Py_EncodeLocale() would do. But
        # there's an additional wrinkle. What we really want to access is the
        # ANSI codepage representation of the arguments, as this is what
        # `int main()` would receive if Python 3 didn't define `int wmain()`
        # (this is how Python 2 worked). To get that, we encode with the mbcs
        # encoding, which will pass CP_ACP to the underlying Windows API to
        # produce bytes.
        if os.name == r'nt':
            sysargv = [a.encode("mbcs", "ignore") for a in sys.argv]
        else:
            sysargv = [fsencode(a) for a in sys.argv]

    bytechr = struct.Struct('>B').pack
    byterepr = b'%r'.__mod__

    class bytestr(bytes):
        """A bytes which mostly acts as a Python 2 str

        >>> bytestr(), bytestr(bytearray(b'foo')), bytestr(u'ascii'), bytestr(1)
        ('', 'foo', 'ascii', '1')
        >>> s = bytestr(b'foo')
        >>> assert s is bytestr(s)

        __bytes__() should be called if provided:

        >>> class bytesable(object):
        ...     def __bytes__(self):
        ...         return b'bytes'
        >>> bytestr(bytesable())
        'bytes'

        There's no implicit conversion from non-ascii str as its encoding is
        unknown:

        >>> bytestr(chr(0x80)) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          ...
        UnicodeEncodeError: ...

        Comparison between bytestr and bytes should work:

        >>> assert bytestr(b'foo') == b'foo'
        >>> assert b'foo' == bytestr(b'foo')
        >>> assert b'f' in bytestr(b'foo')
        >>> assert bytestr(b'f') in b'foo'

        Sliced elements should be bytes, not integer:

        >>> s[1], s[:2]
        (b'o', b'fo')
        >>> list(s), list(reversed(s))
        ([b'f', b'o', b'o'], [b'o', b'o', b'f'])

        As bytestr type isn't propagated across operations, you need to cast
        bytes to bytestr explicitly:

        >>> s = bytestr(b'foo').upper()
        >>> t = bytestr(s)
        >>> s[0], t[0]
        (70, b'F')

        Be careful to not pass a bytestr object to a function which expects
        bytearray-like behavior.

        >>> t = bytes(t)  # cast to bytes
        >>> assert type(t) is bytes
        """

        def __new__(cls, s=b''):
            if isinstance(s, bytestr):
                return s
            if not isinstance(
                s, (bytes, bytearray)
            ) and not hasattr(  # hasattr-py3-only
                s, u'__bytes__'
            ):
                s = str(s).encode('ascii')
            return bytes.__new__(cls, s)

        def __getitem__(self, key):
            s = bytes.__getitem__(self, key)
            if not isinstance(s, bytes):
                s = bytechr(s)
            return s

        def __iter__(self):
            return iterbytestr(bytes.__iter__(self))

        def __repr__(self):
            return bytes.__repr__(self)[1:]  # drop b''

    def iterbytestr(s):
        """Iterate bytes as if it were a str object of Python 2"""
        return map(bytechr, s)

    def maybebytestr(s):
        """Promote bytes to bytestr"""
        if isinstance(s, bytes):
            return bytestr(s)
        return s

    def sysbytes(s):
        """Convert an internal str (e.g. keyword, __doc__) back to bytes

        This never raises UnicodeEncodeError, but only ASCII characters
        can be round-trip by sysstr(sysbytes(s)).
        """
        if isinstance(s, bytes):
            return s
        return s.encode('utf-8')

    def sysstr(s):
        """Return a keyword str to be passed to Python functions such as
        getattr() and str.encode()

        This never raises UnicodeDecodeError. Non-ascii characters are
        considered invalid and mapped to arbitrary but unique code points
        such that 'sysstr(a) != sysstr(b)' for all 'a != b'.
        """
        if isinstance(s, builtins.str):
            return s
        return s.decode('latin-1')

    def strurl(url):
        """Converts a bytes url back to str"""
        if isinstance(url, bytes):
            return url.decode('ascii')
        return url

    def bytesurl(url):
        """Converts a str url to bytes by encoding in ascii"""
        if isinstance(url, str):
            return url.encode('ascii')
        return url

    def raisewithtb(exc, tb):
        """Raise exception with the given traceback"""
        raise exc.with_traceback(tb)

    def getdoc(obj):
        """Get docstring as bytes; may be None so gettext() won't confuse it
        with _('')"""
        doc = getattr(obj, '__doc__', None)
        if doc is None:
            return doc
        return sysbytes(doc)

    def _wrapattrfunc(f):
        @functools.wraps(f)
        def w(object, name, *args):
            return f(object, sysstr(name), *args)

        return w

    # these wrappers are automagically imported by hgloader
    delattr = _wrapattrfunc(builtins.delattr)
    getattr = _wrapattrfunc(builtins.getattr)
    hasattr = _wrapattrfunc(builtins.hasattr)
    setattr = _wrapattrfunc(builtins.setattr)
    xrange = builtins.range
    unicode = str

    def open(name, mode=b'r', buffering=-1, encoding=None):
        return builtins.open(name, sysstr(mode), buffering, encoding)

    safehasattr = _wrapattrfunc(builtins.hasattr)

    def _getoptbwrapper(orig, args, shortlist, namelist):
        """
        Takes bytes arguments, converts them to unicode, pass them to
        getopt.getopt(), convert the returned values back to bytes and then
        return them for Python 3 compatibility as getopt.getopt() don't accepts
        bytes on Python 3.
        """
        args = [a.decode('latin-1') for a in args]
        shortlist = shortlist.decode('latin-1')
        namelist = [a.decode('latin-1') for a in namelist]
        opts, args = orig(args, shortlist, namelist)
        opts = [(a[0].encode('latin-1'), a[1].encode('latin-1')) for a in opts]
        args = [a.encode('latin-1') for a in args]
        return opts, args

    def strkwargs(dic):
        """
        Converts the keys of a python dictonary to str i.e. unicodes so that
        they can be passed as keyword arguments as dictonaries with bytes keys
        can't be passed as keyword arguments to functions on Python 3.
        """
        dic = {k.decode('latin-1'): v for k, v in dic.items()}
        return dic

    def byteskwargs(dic):
        """
        Converts keys of python dictonaries to bytes as they were converted to
        str to pass that dictonary as a keyword argument on Python 3.
        """
        dic = {k.encode('latin-1'): v for k, v in dic.items()}
        return dic

    # TODO: handle shlex.shlex().
    def shlexsplit(s, comments=False, posix=True):
        """
        Takes bytes argument, convert it to str i.e. unicodes, pass that into
        shlex.split(), convert the returned value to bytes and return that for
        Python 3 compatibility as shelx.split() don't accept bytes on Python 3.
        """
        ret = shlex.split(s.decode('latin-1'), comments, posix)
        return [a.encode('latin-1') for a in ret]

    iteritems = lambda x: x.items()
    itervalues = lambda x: x.values()

    # Python 3.5's json.load and json.loads require str. We polyfill its
    # code for detecting encoding from bytes.
    if sys.version_info[0:2] < (3, 6):

        def _detect_encoding(b):
            bstartswith = b.startswith
            if bstartswith((codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE)):
                return 'utf-32'
            if bstartswith((codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE)):
                return 'utf-16'
            if bstartswith(codecs.BOM_UTF8):
                return 'utf-8-sig'

            if len(b) >= 4:
                if not b[0]:
                    # 00 00 -- -- - utf-32-be
                    # 00 XX -- -- - utf-16-be
                    return 'utf-16-be' if b[1] else 'utf-32-be'
                if not b[1]:
                    # XX 00 00 00 - utf-32-le
                    # XX 00 00 XX - utf-16-le
                    # XX 00 XX -- - utf-16-le
                    return 'utf-16-le' if b[2] or b[3] else 'utf-32-le'
            elif len(b) == 2:
                if not b[0]:
                    # 00 XX - utf-16-be
                    return 'utf-16-be'
                if not b[1]:
                    # XX 00 - utf-16-le
                    return 'utf-16-le'
            # default
            return 'utf-8'

        def json_loads(s, *args, **kwargs):
            if isinstance(s, (bytes, bytearray)):
                s = s.decode(_detect_encoding(s), 'surrogatepass')

            return json.loads(s, *args, **kwargs)

    else:
        json_loads = json.loads

else:
    import cStringIO

    xrange = xrange
    unicode = unicode
    bytechr = chr
    byterepr = repr
    bytestr = str
    iterbytestr = iter
    maybebytestr = identity
    sysbytes = identity
    sysstr = identity
    strurl = identity
    bytesurl = identity
    open = open
    delattr = delattr
    getattr = getattr
    hasattr = hasattr
    setattr = setattr

    # this can't be parsed on Python 3
    exec(b'def raisewithtb(exc, tb):\n    raise exc, None, tb\n')

    def fsencode(filename):
        """
        Partial backport from os.py in Python 3, which only accepts bytes.
        In Python 2, our paths should only ever be bytes, a unicode path
        indicates a bug.
        """
        if isinstance(filename, str):
            return filename
        else:
            raise TypeError("expect str, not %s" % type(filename).__name__)

    # In Python 2, fsdecode() has a very chance to receive bytes. So it's
    # better not to touch Python 2 part as it's already working fine.
    fsdecode = identity

    def getdoc(obj):
        return getattr(obj, '__doc__', None)

    _notset = object()

    def safehasattr(thing, attr):
        return getattr(thing, attr, _notset) is not _notset

    def _getoptbwrapper(orig, args, shortlist, namelist):
        return orig(args, shortlist, namelist)

    strkwargs = identity
    byteskwargs = identity

    oscurdir = os.curdir
    oslinesep = os.linesep
    osname = os.name
    ospathsep = os.pathsep
    ospardir = os.pardir
    ossep = os.sep
    osaltsep = os.altsep
    osdevnull = os.devnull
    long = long
    if getattr(sys, 'argv', None) is not None:
        sysargv = sys.argv
    sysplatform = sys.platform
    sysexecutable = sys.executable
    shlexsplit = shlex.split
    bytesio = cStringIO.StringIO
    stringio = bytesio
    maplist = map
    rangelist = range
    ziplist = zip
    rawinput = raw_input
    getargspec = inspect.getargspec
    iteritems = lambda x: x.iteritems()
    itervalues = lambda x: x.itervalues()
    json_loads = json.loads

isjython = sysplatform.startswith(b'java')

isdarwin = sysplatform.startswith(b'darwin')
islinux = sysplatform.startswith(b'linux')
isposix = osname == b'posix'
iswindows = osname == b'nt'


def getoptb(args, shortlist, namelist):
    return _getoptbwrapper(getopt.getopt, args, shortlist, namelist)


def gnugetoptb(args, shortlist, namelist):
    return _getoptbwrapper(getopt.gnu_getopt, args, shortlist, namelist)


def mkdtemp(suffix=b'', prefix=b'tmp', dir=None):
    return tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix, prefix, dir)


# text=True is not supported; use util.from/tonativeeol() instead
def mkstemp(suffix=b'', prefix=b'tmp', dir=None):
    return tempfile.mkstemp(suffix, prefix, dir)


# TemporaryFile does not support an "encoding=" argument on python2.
# This wrapper file are always open in byte mode.
def unnamedtempfile(mode=None, *args, **kwargs):
    if mode is None:
        mode = b'w+b'
    else:
        mode = sysstr(mode)
    assert 'b' in mode
    return tempfile.TemporaryFile(mode, *args, **kwargs)


# NamedTemporaryFile does not support an "encoding=" argument on python2.
# This wrapper file are always open in byte mode.
def namedtempfile(
    mode=b'w+b', bufsize=-1, suffix=b'', prefix=b'tmp', dir=None, delete=True
):
    mode = sysstr(mode)
    assert 'b' in mode
    return tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
        mode, bufsize, suffix=suffix, prefix=prefix, dir=dir, delete=delete
    )