Mercurial > public > mercurial-scm > hg
annotate mercurial/help.py @ 9158:d6eecafaf12f
doc: use reStructuredText for man and HTML pages
The Makefile now requires the rst2html and rst2man programs. Both can
be found in Debian testing or downloaded from the Docutils homepage:
http://docutils.sf.net/
http://docutils.sf.net/sandbox/manpage-writer/
The new HTML and man pages no longer contain huge amounts of
un-wrapping literal blocks, thanks to how snippets of reStructuredText
can easily be included inside other reStructuredText documents.
The HTML pages now have anchors for all sections, including the help
topics in hgrc.1 which were missing from the old HTML pages.
author | Martin Geisler <mg@lazybytes.net> |
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date | Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:25:26 +0200 |
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1 # help.py - help data for mercurial |
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2 # |
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3 # Copyright 2006 Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> |
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4 # |
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5 # This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the |
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6 # GNU General Public License version 2, incorporated herein by reference. |
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7 |
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8 from i18n import _ |
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9 import extensions, util |
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10 |
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11 |
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12 def moduledoc(file): |
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13 '''return the top-level python documentation for the given file |
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14 |
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15 Loosely inspired by pydoc.source_synopsis(), but rewritten to handle \''' |
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16 as well as """ and to return the whole text instead of just the synopsis''' |
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17 result = [] |
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18 |
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19 line = file.readline() |
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20 while line[:1] == '#' or not line.strip(): |
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21 line = file.readline() |
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22 if not line: break |
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23 |
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24 start = line[:3] |
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25 if start == '"""' or start == "'''": |
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26 line = line[3:] |
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27 while line: |
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28 if line.rstrip().endswith(start): |
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29 line = line.split(start)[0] |
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30 if line: |
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31 result.append(line) |
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32 break |
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33 elif not line: |
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34 return None # unmatched delimiter |
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35 result.append(line) |
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36 line = file.readline() |
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37 else: |
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38 return None |
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39 |
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40 return ''.join(result) |
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41 |
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42 def listexts(header, exts, maxlength): |
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43 '''return a text listing of the given extensions''' |
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44 if not exts: |
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45 return '' |
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46 # TODO: literal block is wrong, should be a field list or a simple table. |
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47 result = '\n%s\n\n ::\n\n' % header |
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48 for name, desc in sorted(exts.iteritems()): |
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49 desc = util.wrap(desc, maxlength + 5) |
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50 result += ' %s %s\n' % (name.ljust(maxlength), desc) |
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51 return result |
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52 |
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53 def extshelp(): |
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54 doc = _(r''' |
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55 Mercurial has the ability to add new features through the use of |
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56 extensions. Extensions may add new commands, add options to existing |
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57 commands, change the default behavior of commands, or implement hooks. |
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58 |
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59 Extensions are not loaded by default for a variety of reasons: they can |
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60 increase startup overhead; they may be meant for advanced usage only; they |
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61 may provide potentially dangerous abilities (such as letting you destroy |
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62 or modify history); they might not be ready for prime time; or they may |
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63 alter some usual behaviors of stock Mercurial. It is thus up to the user |
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64 to activate extensions as needed. |
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65 |
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66 To enable the "foo" extension, either shipped with Mercurial or in the |
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67 Python search path, create an entry for it in your hgrc, like this:: |
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68 |
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69 [extensions] |
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70 foo = |
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71 |
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72 You may also specify the full path to an extension:: |
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73 |
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74 [extensions] |
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75 myfeature = ~/.hgext/myfeature.py |
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76 |
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77 To explicitly disable an extension enabled in an hgrc of broader scope, |
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78 prepend its path with !:: |
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79 |
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80 [extensions] |
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81 # disabling extension bar residing in /path/to/extension/bar.py |
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82 hgext.bar = !/path/to/extension/bar.py |
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83 # ditto, but no path was supplied for extension baz |
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84 hgext.baz = ! |
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85 ''') |
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86 |
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87 exts, maxlength = extensions.enabled() |
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88 doc += listexts(_('enabled extensions:'), exts, maxlength) |
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89 |
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90 exts, maxlength = extensions.disabled() |
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91 doc += listexts(_('disabled extensions:'), exts, maxlength) |
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92 |
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93 return doc |
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94 |
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95 helptable = ( |
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96 (["dates"], _("Date Formats"), |
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97 _(r''' |
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98 Some commands allow the user to specify a date, e.g.: |
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99 |
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100 - backout, commit, import, tag: Specify the commit date. |
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101 - log, revert, update: Select revision(s) by date. |
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102 |
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103 Many date formats are valid. Here are some examples:: |
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104 |
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105 "Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006" (local timezone assumed) |
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106 "Dec 6 13:18 -0600" (year assumed, time offset provided) |
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107 "Dec 6 13:18 UTC" (UTC and GMT are aliases for +0000) |
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108 "Dec 6" (midnight) |
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109 "13:18" (today assumed) |
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110 "3:39" (3:39AM assumed) |
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111 "3:39pm" (15:39) |
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112 "2006-12-06 13:18:29" (ISO 8601 format) |
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113 "2006-12-6 13:18" |
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114 "2006-12-6" |
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115 "12-6" |
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116 "12/6" |
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117 "12/6/6" (Dec 6 2006) |
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122 |
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123 This is the internal representation format for dates. unixtime is the |
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124 number of seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC). offset is the |
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125 offset of the local timezone, in seconds west of UTC (negative if the |
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126 timezone is east of UTC). |
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127 |
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128 The log command also accepts date ranges:: |
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129 |
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130 "<{datetime}" - at or before a given date/time |
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131 ">{datetime}" - on or after a given date/time |
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132 "{datetime} to {datetime}" - a date range, inclusive |
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133 "-{days}" - within a given number of days of today |
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134 ''')), |
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135 |
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136 (["patterns"], _("File Name Patterns"), |
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137 _(r''' |
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138 Mercurial accepts several notations for identifying one or more files at a |
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139 time. |
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140 |
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141 By default, Mercurial treats filenames as shell-style extended glob |
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142 patterns. |
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143 |
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144 Alternate pattern notations must be specified explicitly. |
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145 |
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146 To use a plain path name without any pattern matching, start it with |
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147 "path:". These path names must completely match starting at the current |
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148 repository root. |
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149 |
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150 To use an extended glob, start a name with "glob:". Globs are rooted at |
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151 the current directory; a glob such as "``*.c``" will only match files in the |
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152 current directory ending with ".c". |
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153 |
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154 The supported glob syntax extensions are "``**``" to match any string across |
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155 path separators and "{a,b}" to mean "a or b". |
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157 To use a Perl/Python regular expression, start a name with "re:". Regexp |
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158 pattern matching is anchored at the root of the repository. |
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159 |
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160 Plain examples:: |
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161 |
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162 path:foo/bar a name bar in a directory named foo in the root of |
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163 the repository |
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164 path:path:name a file or directory named "path:name" |
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165 |
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166 Glob examples:: |
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167 |
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168 glob:*.c any name ending in ".c" in the current directory |
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169 *.c any name ending in ".c" in the current directory |
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170 **.c any name ending in ".c" in any subdirectory of the |
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171 current directory including itself. |
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172 foo/*.c any name ending in ".c" in the directory foo |
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173 foo/**.c any name ending in ".c" in any subdirectory of foo |
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174 including itself. |
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175 |
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176 Regexp examples:: |
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177 |
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178 re:.*\.c$ any name ending in ".c", anywhere in the repository |
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179 |
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180 ''')), |
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181 |
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182 (['environment', 'env'], _('Environment Variables'), |
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183 _(r''' |
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184 HG |
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185 Path to the 'hg' executable, automatically passed when running hooks, |
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186 extensions or external tools. If unset or empty, this is the hg |
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187 executable's name if it's frozen, or an executable named 'hg' (with |
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188 %PATHEXT% [defaulting to COM/EXE/BAT/CMD] extensions on Windows) is |
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189 searched. |
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190 |
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191 HGEDITOR |
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192 This is the name of the editor to run when committing. See EDITOR. |
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194 (deprecated, use .hgrc) | |
195 | |
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196 HGENCODING |
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197 This overrides the default locale setting detected by Mercurial. This |
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198 setting is used to convert data including usernames, changeset |
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199 descriptions, tag names, and branches. This setting can be overridden with |
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200 the --encoding command-line option. |
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202 HGENCODINGMODE |
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203 This sets Mercurial's behavior for handling unknown characters while |
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204 transcoding user input. The default is "strict", which causes Mercurial to |
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205 abort if it can't map a character. Other settings include "replace", which |
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206 replaces unknown characters, and "ignore", which drops them. This setting |
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207 can be overridden with the --encodingmode command-line option. |
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209 HGMERGE |
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210 An executable to use for resolving merge conflicts. The program will be |
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211 executed with three arguments: local file, remote file, ancestor file. |
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213 (deprecated, use .hgrc) | |
214 | |
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215 HGRCPATH |
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216 A list of files or directories to search for hgrc files. Item separator is |
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217 ":" on Unix, ";" on Windows. If HGRCPATH is not set, platform default |
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218 search path is used. If empty, only the .hg/hgrc from the current |
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219 repository is read. |
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221 For each element in HGRCPATH: |
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223 - if it's a directory, all files ending with .rc are added |
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224 - otherwise, the file itself will be added |
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225 |
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226 HGUSER |
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227 This is the string used as the author of a commit. If not set, available |
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228 values will be considered in this order: |
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229 |
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230 - HGUSER (deprecated) |
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231 - hgrc files from the HGRCPATH |
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232 - EMAIL |
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233 - interactive prompt |
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234 - LOGNAME (with '@hostname' appended) |
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236 (deprecated, use .hgrc) | |
237 | |
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238 EMAIL |
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239 May be used as the author of a commit; see HGUSER. |
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241 LOGNAME |
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242 May be used as the author of a commit; see HGUSER. |
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244 VISUAL |
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245 This is the name of the editor to use when committing. See EDITOR. |
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246 |
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247 EDITOR |
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248 Sometimes Mercurial needs to open a text file in an editor for a user to |
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249 modify, for example when writing commit messages. The editor it uses is |
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250 determined by looking at the environment variables HGEDITOR, VISUAL and |
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251 EDITOR, in that order. The first non-empty one is chosen. If all of them |
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252 are empty, the editor defaults to 'vi'. |
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254 PYTHONPATH |
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255 This is used by Python to find imported modules and may need to be set |
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256 appropriately if this Mercurial is not installed system-wide. |
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257 ''')), |
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258 |
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259 (['revs', 'revisions'], _('Specifying Single Revisions'), |
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260 _(r''' |
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261 Mercurial supports several ways to specify individual revisions. |
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262 |
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263 A plain integer is treated as a revision number. Negative integers are |
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264 treated as topological offsets from the tip, with -1 denoting the tip. As |
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265 such, negative numbers are only useful if you've memorized your local tree |
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266 numbers and want to save typing a single digit. This editor suggests copy |
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267 and paste. |
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268 |
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269 A 40-digit hexadecimal string is treated as a unique revision identifier. |
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270 |
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271 A hexadecimal string less than 40 characters long is treated as a unique |
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272 revision identifier, and referred to as a short-form identifier. A |
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273 short-form identifier is only valid if it is the prefix of exactly one |
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274 full-length identifier. |
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275 |
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276 Any other string is treated as a tag name, which is a symbolic name |
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277 associated with a revision identifier. Tag names may not contain the ":" |
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278 character. |
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279 |
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280 The reserved name "tip" is a special tag that always identifies the most |
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281 recent revision. |
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282 |
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283 The reserved name "null" indicates the null revision. This is the revision |
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284 of an empty repository, and the parent of revision 0. |
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285 |
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286 The reserved name "." indicates the working directory parent. If no |
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287 working directory is checked out, it is equivalent to null. If an |
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288 uncommitted merge is in progress, "." is the revision of the first parent. |
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289 ''')), |
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290 |
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291 (['mrevs', 'multirevs'], _('Specifying Multiple Revisions'), |
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292 _(r''' |
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293 When Mercurial accepts more than one revision, they may be specified |
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294 individually, or provided as a topologically continuous range, separated |
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295 by the ":" character. |
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296 |
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297 The syntax of range notation is [BEGIN]:[END], where BEGIN and END are |
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298 revision identifiers. Both BEGIN and END are optional. If BEGIN is not |
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299 specified, it defaults to revision number 0. If END is not specified, it |
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300 defaults to the tip. The range ":" thus means "all revisions". |
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301 |
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302 If BEGIN is greater than END, revisions are treated in reverse order. |
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303 |
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304 A range acts as a closed interval. This means that a range of 3:5 gives 3, |
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305 4 and 5. Similarly, a range of 9:6 gives 9, 8, 7, and 6. |
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306 ''')), |
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307 |
7387 | 308 (['diffs'], _('Diff Formats'), |
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309 _(r''' |
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310 Mercurial's default format for showing changes between two versions of a |
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311 file is compatible with the unified format of GNU diff, which can be used |
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312 by GNU patch and many other standard tools. |
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313 |
7387 | 314 While this standard format is often enough, it does not encode the |
315 following information: | |
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316 |
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317 - executable status and other permission bits |
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318 - copy or rename information |
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319 - changes in binary files |
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320 - creation or deletion of empty files |
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321 |
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322 Mercurial also supports the extended diff format from the git VCS which |
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323 addresses these limitations. The git diff format is not produced by |
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324 default because a few widespread tools still do not understand this |
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325 format. |
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326 |
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327 This means that when generating diffs from a Mercurial repository (e.g. |
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328 with "hg export"), you should be careful about things like file copies and |
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329 renames or other things mentioned above, because when applying a standard |
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330 diff to a different repository, this extra information is lost. |
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331 Mercurial's internal operations (like push and pull) are not affected by |
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332 this, because they use an internal binary format for communicating |
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333 changes. |
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334 |
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335 To make Mercurial produce the git extended diff format, use the --git |
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336 option available for many commands, or set 'git = True' in the [diff] |
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337 section of your hgrc. You do not need to set this option when importing |
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338 diffs in this format or using them in the mq extension. |
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339 ''')), |
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340 (['templating'], _('Template Usage'), |
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341 _(r''' |
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342 Mercurial allows you to customize output of commands through templates. |
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343 You can either pass in a template from the command line, via the |
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344 --template option, or select an existing template-style (--style). |
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345 |
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346 You can customize output for any "log-like" command: log, outgoing, |
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347 incoming, tip, parents, heads and glog. |
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348 |
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349 Three styles are packaged with Mercurial: default (the style used when no |
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350 explicit preference is passed), compact and changelog. Usage: |
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351 |
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352 $ hg log -r1 --style changelog |
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353 |
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354 A template is a piece of text, with markup to invoke variable expansion: |
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355 |
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356 $ hg log -r1 --template "{node}\n" |
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357 b56ce7b07c52de7d5fd79fb89701ea538af65746 |
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358 |
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359 Strings in curly braces are called keywords. The availability of keywords |
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360 depends on the exact context of the templater. These keywords are usually |
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361 available for templating a log-like command: |
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362 |
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363 - author: String. The unmodified author of the changeset. |
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364 - branches: String. The name of the branch on which the changeset was |
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365 committed. Will be empty if the branch name was default. |
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366 - date: Date information. The date when the changeset was committed. |
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367 - desc: String. The text of the changeset description. |
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368 - diffstat: String. Statistics of changes with the following format: |
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369 "modified files: +added/-removed lines" |
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370 - files: List of strings. All files modified, added, or removed by this |
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371 changeset. |
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372 - file_adds: List of strings. Files added by this changeset. |
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373 - file_mods: List of strings. Files modified by this changeset. |
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374 - file_dels: List of strings. Files removed by this changeset. |
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375 - node: String. The changeset identification hash, as a 40-character |
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376 hexadecimal string. |
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377 - parents: List of strings. The parents of the changeset. |
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378 - rev: Integer. The repository-local changeset revision number. |
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379 - tags: List of strings. Any tags associated with the changeset. |
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380 |
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381 The "date" keyword does not produce human-readable output. If you want to |
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382 use a date in your output, you can use a filter to process it. Filters are |
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383 functions which return a string based on the input variable. You can also |
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384 use a chain of filters to get the desired output: |
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385 |
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386 $ hg tip --template "{date|isodate}\n" |
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387 2008-08-21 18:22 +0000 |
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388 |
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389 List of filters: |
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390 |
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391 - addbreaks: Any text. Add an XHTML "<br />" tag before the end of every |
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392 line except the last. |
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393 - age: Date. Returns a human-readable date/time difference between the |
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394 given date/time and the current date/time. |
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395 - basename: Any text. Treats the text as a path, and returns the last |
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396 component of the path after splitting by the path separator |
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397 (ignoring trailing separators). For example, "foo/bar/baz" becomes |
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398 "baz" and "foo/bar//" becomes "bar". |
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399 - stripdir: Treat the text as path and strip a directory level, if |
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400 possible. For example, "foo" and "foo/bar" becomes "foo". |
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401 - date: Date. Returns a date in a Unix date format, including the |
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402 timezone: "Mon Sep 04 15:13:13 2006 0700". |
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403 - domain: Any text. Finds the first string that looks like an email |
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404 address, and extracts just the domain component. Example: 'User |
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405 <user@example.com>' becomes 'example.com'. |
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406 - email: Any text. Extracts the first string that looks like an email |
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407 address. Example: 'User <user@example.com>' becomes |
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408 'user@example.com'. |
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409 - escape: Any text. Replaces the special XML/XHTML characters "&", "<" and |
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410 ">" with XML entities. |
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411 - fill68: Any text. Wraps the text to fit in 68 columns. |
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412 - fill76: Any text. Wraps the text to fit in 76 columns. |
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413 - firstline: Any text. Returns the first line of text. |
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414 - nonempty: Any text. Returns '(none)' if the string is empty. |
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415 - hgdate: Date. Returns the date as a pair of numbers: "1157407993 25200" |
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416 (Unix timestamp, timezone offset). |
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417 - isodate: Date. Returns the date in ISO 8601 format. |
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418 - localdate: Date. Converts a date to local date. |
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419 - obfuscate: Any text. Returns the input text rendered as a sequence of |
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420 XML entities. |
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421 - person: Any text. Returns the text before an email address. |
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422 - rfc822date: Date. Returns a date using the same format used in email |
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423 headers. |
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424 - short: Changeset hash. Returns the short form of a changeset hash, i.e. |
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425 a 12-byte hexadecimal string. |
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426 - shortdate: Date. Returns a date like "2006-09-18". |
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427 - strip: Any text. Strips all leading and trailing whitespace. |
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428 - tabindent: Any text. Returns the text, with every line except the first |
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429 starting with a tab character. |
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430 - urlescape: Any text. Escapes all "special" characters. For example, "foo |
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431 bar" becomes "foo%20bar". |
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432 - user: Any text. Returns the user portion of an email address. |
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433 ''')), |
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434 |
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435 (['urls'], _('URL Paths'), |
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436 _(r''' |
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437 Valid URLs are of the form:: |
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438 |
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439 local/filesystem/path[#revision] |
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440 file://local/filesystem/path[#revision] |
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441 http://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path][#revision] |
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442 https://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path][#revision] |
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443 ssh://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path][#revision] |
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444 |
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445 Paths in the local filesystem can either point to Mercurial repositories |
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446 or to bundle files (as created by 'hg bundle' or 'hg incoming --bundle'). |
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447 |
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448 An optional identifier after # indicates a particular branch, tag, or |
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449 changeset to use from the remote repository. See also 'hg help revisions'. |
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450 |
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451 Some features, such as pushing to http:// and https:// URLs are only |
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452 possible if the feature is explicitly enabled on the remote Mercurial |
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453 server. |
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454 |
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455 Some notes about using SSH with Mercurial: |
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456 |
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457 - SSH requires an accessible shell account on the destination machine and |
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458 a copy of hg in the remote path or specified with as remotecmd. |
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459 - path is relative to the remote user's home directory by default. Use an |
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460 extra slash at the start of a path to specify an absolute path:: |
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461 |
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462 ssh://example.com//tmp/repository |
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463 |
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464 - Mercurial doesn't use its own compression via SSH; the right thing to do |
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465 is to configure it in your ~/.ssh/config, e.g.:: |
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466 |
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467 Host *.mylocalnetwork.example.com |
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468 Compression no |
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469 Host * |
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470 Compression yes |
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471 |
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472 Alternatively specify "ssh -C" as your ssh command in your hgrc or with |
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473 the --ssh command line option. |
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474 |
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475 These URLs can all be stored in your hgrc with path aliases under the |
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476 [paths] section like so:: |
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477 |
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478 [paths] |
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479 alias1 = URL1 |
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480 alias2 = URL2 |
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481 ... |
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Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
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482 |
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help: wrapped help strings at 78 characters
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483 You can then use the alias for any command that uses a URL (for example |
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Martin Geisler <mg@lazybytes.net>
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484 'hg pull alias1' would pull from the 'alias1' path). |
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Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents:
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485 |
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486 Two path aliases are special because they are used as defaults when you do |
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487 not provide the URL to a command: |
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Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents:
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488 |
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Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents:
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489 default: |
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help: wrapped help strings at 78 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@lazybytes.net>
parents:
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490 When you create a repository with hg clone, the clone command saves the |
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help: wrapped help strings at 78 characters
Martin Geisler <mg@lazybytes.net>
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491 location of the source repository as the new repository's 'default' |
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492 path. This is then used when you omit path from push- and pull-like |
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Martin Geisler <mg@lazybytes.net>
parents:
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493 commands (including incoming and outgoing). |
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Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents:
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494 |
e040f9d6b2f3
consolidated url help into urls help topic and added information about path aliases
Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
parents:
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495 default-push: |
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Martin Geisler <mg@lazybytes.net>
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496 The push command will look for a path named 'default-push', and prefer |
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497 it over 'default' if both are defined. |
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Bill Barry <after.fallout@gmail.com>
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498 ''')), |
8879
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help: more improvements for the extensions topic
C?dric Duval <cedricduval@free.fr>
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499 (["extensions"], _("Using additional features"), extshelp), |
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help: helptable is an ordered collection
Johannes Stezenbach <js@sig21.net>
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500 ) |